Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive Structural modeling (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

After the recent Arab uprisings, a great number of analyses have been proposed on the impact of social media on revolutions, which lack a comprehensive view of all stages of revolutions, particularly what happens after the collapse of the ruling regimes with regard to the establishment of new political orders. This research considers the impact of social media in all stages of revolutions and offers a consolidated explanation, regardless of objective cases. In response to question of the impact of social media on revolutions, the authors explain that social media, by developing activists’ network, serve as a Structural stimulus in the beginning of an uprising before the street protests. However, these networks lack the required capacities to lead the new political order and may result in a refolution. This descriptive-analytical research, analyses the role of social media in developing activists network according to Castells’ theory, the Structural Stimulation of uprisings by social media according to the views of Tufekci regarding the causes of revolutions, the incapability of activists’ networks to lead the new order based on the refolution theory of Bayat, develop and consolidate these views and theories.

VNS indicationsEpilepsyVNS Therapy system is indicated for use as an adjunctive therapy in reducing the frequency of seizures in patients whose epileptic disorder is dominated by partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) or generalized seizures that are refractory to antiepileptic medications.DepressionVNS Therapy is indicated for the adjunctive long-term treatment of chronic or recurrent depression who are experiencing a major depressive episode and have not had an adequate response to four or more antidepressant treatments.Mechanism of actionVNS definitely exerts an effect via the LC (norepinephrine) and the RN (serotonin)These mechanisms of action are similar to those of medications through pharmacologic pathwaysThe LC and RN/DRN have been conclusively identified as:Brain centers affected by VNS TherapyPlaying a role in suppressing seizuresAreas that must be intact for VNS Therapy to have an effectVNS Safety ProfileMore than 70,000 patients worldwide have been implanted with VNS TherapyNo known interactions with medicationsNo reported systemic neurotoxic effects, rash, renal impairment, or bone marrow suppressionNo increase in sudden, unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)1Gestational outcomesAnimal study has shown no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to VNS Therapy2,3Pregnancies have gone to term with VNS4,5One of my challenging Cases which resulted in Vague Nerve Stimulation (VNS) therapy53-year-old Right-handed gentleman with History of epilepsy since 1983 (due to being injured during war) in form of CPS and GTCsWe implanted VNS for the first time in Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital about three months ago for this patient.The frequency of the patient’s attacks has been decreased to about eighty percent till now.No significant side effects have been reported except for mild hoarseness.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive Structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive Structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

Background: S1 radiculopathy is a high prevalence illness and its early diagnosis is of crucial importance. Several reports have revealed the efficacy of magnetic Stimulation in diagnosis of this condition. We conducted this study to compare MMEP latency and MMEP amplitude in patients with S1 radiculopathy and healthy controls in Shohadaye Tajreash Hospital in 2007.Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study investigated 31 patients with S1 radiculopathy (according to clinical history and physical examination) and 33 healthy controls. H-reflex, MMEP latency and MMEP amplitude were evaluated in both groups. Patients and controls were not informed about the type of study and performers were unaware of the participants condition. Results were analyzed using statistical tests.Results: There was not significant difference between cases and controls regarding age and sex. Mean MMEP latency was 15.23±2.47ms and 13.42±1.6ms in patients and controls, respectively (P<0.05) and mean MMEP amplitude was 0.55±0.53µv and 1.29±1.22µv in patients and controls, respectively (P<0.06). We found abnormal MMEP latency in 12.2% of controls and 48.4% of patients (P<0.005) and abnormal MMEP amplitude in 87.9% of controls and 100% of patients (P<0.06).Conclusion: MMEP latency seems to be efficient in diagnosis of S1 radiculopathy. A study with a precise diagnostic design is recommended.